MPI has official bindings for C and Fortran. There are unoffical bindings in C# - https://github.com/rogancarr/MpiDotNet D - https://github.com/DlangScience/OpenMPI) Go - https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/cpmech/gosl/mpi and https://github.com/marcusthierfelder/mpi Java - https://www.open-mpi.org/ Julia - https://github.com/JuliaParallel/MPI.jl Lua - https://github.com/jzrake/lua-mpi and https://peter.colberg.org/lua-mpi Ocaml - https://github.com/xavierleroy/ocamlmpi Perl - https://metacpan.org/pod/Parallel::MPI Python - https://bitbucket.org/mpi4py/mpi4py R - https://github.com/RBigData/pbdMPI and https://cran.r-project.org/package=Rmpi Ruby - https://github.com/gfd-dennou-club/ruby-mpi Rust - https://lib.rs/crates/mpi Scala - https://github.com/mpokorny/scampi It is also used as a possible backend for among other PGAS languages XcalableMP - https://xcalablemp.org/ Some people did not expect MPI to be used by many developers directly. Are there any thoughts on how better support for other programming languages and MPI as a backend might be improved in future?